Geology Test Essay Example

Geology Test Essay Example Geology Test Paper Geology Test Paper Which seismic waves compress and expand rocks in the direction the waves travel? P Waves What kind of plate boundary occurs where two plates grind past each other without destroying or producing lithosphere? transform fault boundary Why do earthquakes often cause damaging fires? Earthquake vibrations can break gas lines, water lines, and electrical lines Tensional stresses commonly cause which of the following? Normal Faults What volcanic feature is illustrated at A in Figure 10-2? Continental Volcanic Arc What type of plate boundary resulted in the volcanic activity illustrated in figure 10-2? oceanic-continental convergent boundary A fault in which the hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall is a ______. a normal fault What type of volcano is built almost entirely from ejected lava fragments? cinder cone The particles produced in volcanic eruptions are called __________. pyroclatic material What feature is labeled A in figure 10-17? pipe What type of volcano is illustrated in Figure 10-17? composite cone A tectonic plate consists of ________. the crust and uppermost mantle Which of the following can be produced at an ocean-continental convergent boundary? continental volcanic arc Earthquakes are usually associated with _____. faults What is the most abundant gas associated with volcanic activity? water vapor An earthquakes epicenter is _________. the place on the surface directly above the focus The Richter magnitude of an earthquake is determined from the _________. measurement of the amplitude of the largest seismic wave Which of the following factors helps determine whether a volcanic eruption will be violent or relatively quiet? composition of the magma, temperature of the magma, and amount of dissolved gases in the magma The broad, slightly dome-shaped volcanoes of Hawaii are _________. shield volcanoes Faults in which movement is mainly horizontal and parallel to the trend of the fault surface are called _________. strike-slip faults In Figure 3-1, what process or processes would be occurring in the part of the rock cycle labeled E? compaction and cementation In Figure 3-1, what type of rock should occur in the part of the cycle labeled B? igneous According to the theory of plate tectonics, __________. the lithosphere is divided into plates The Hawaiian Islands were formed when the Pacific Plate moved over _________. a hot spot A tsunami can occur when there is vertical movement at a fault under __________. the ocean floor Overall, which seismic waves are the most destructive? surface waves What forms when one oceanic plate is forced beneath another plate? a subduction zone When an earthquake occurs, energy radiates in all directions from its source, which is called ______. focus The supercontinent in the continental drift hypothesis was called _________. Pangaea Through which Earth layer are S waves NOT transmitted? outer core One kind of evidence that supports Wegeners hypothesis is that _________. fossils of the same organism have been found on different continents Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of rock? magma The Himalayas in South Asia are an example of what type of plate boundary? convergent continental-continental boundary Where is the energy source that drives the processes that form igneous and metamorphic rocks? earths interior Most of the active volcanoes on Earth are located in a belt known as the _________. Ring of Fire What is the name of the major strike-slip fault in California? San Andreas Fault According to Figure 8-1, when will the first P wave be received, if an earthquake epicenter is approximately 1800 kilometers from the seismic station? 3.5 minutes after the earthquake According to Figure 8-1, what is the distance between the seismic station and an earthquake epicenter, if the first S wave arrives 4.0 minutes after the first P wave? 2500 kilometers What are the primary factors that determine whether a volcano erupts explosively or relatively quietly? composition of the magma, temperature of the magma, and amount of dissolved gases in the magma Describe how an igneous rock becomes a sedimentary rock. Igneous rock is weathered and eroded by natural processes. The eroded/weathered particles are deposited and start the process of compaction and cementation over time. List three lines of evidence that supported the hypothesis for continental drift. 1. continental drift coastlines of opposite continents seem to match2. matching fossils fossils of similar species are found on opposite continents3. rock types similar mountain ranges, rivers, etc are found on opposite continents Compare and contrast the movements and forces on a normal fault and a reverse fault